Cactus Roots
Cacti are plants equipped with adaptations that allow them to thrive in harsh and unforgiving conditions, ranging from the humid environments of dense rainforests to the scorching heat of deserts. Usually lacking leaves and more often than not, are covered in thorns and spikes for protection and conservation of water. The cactus’ waxy cuticle acts as its storage of water. Their roots have also evolved to have unique adaptations making itself suitable for harsh conditions where other plants would struggle to survive.
These plants live through long periods of drought and rising temperatures, but even so, still require moisture and nutrients to grow. Cracked and unmaintained soil leaks out the vital nutrients and water provided by the rare occasions of rain. Because of this, the shallow and small root systems of cacti are specially equipped to store the nutrients from rain.
The roots of cacti are covered in a cork-like exterior to prevent water loss. Cacti roots come in different shapes and sizes. Some are thick and fleshy, serving as both food and water storage for the plant.
Types of Cactus Roots
Different cacti grow various forms of roots depending on where they live. Cacti that grow in desert terrain tend to have shallow roots. Those that grow in areas with better sources of moisture and nutrients will have their roots extending deeper as they compete with other plants for more of their necessities. Below are some examples of different types of cactus roots.
Taproot
The taproot is a type of cactus root system found in dry soil. They can also be found in cacti that are tall and require dominant roots to anchor themselves. Many tall cacti have one or two taproots in their system that can grow several yards. This type of root has a strong hold on the ground and runs deeper underground, looking for nutrients and moisture.
Fibrous Root
A type of widespread root system that can grow up to fifteen feet from the base of the plant. This type of root is shallow allowing it to collect water quickly when it rains. During the rainy season, the wrinkles of the fibrous root will rehydrate and start growing new roots in order to collect as much water as possible. These roots will soon dry up in the dry season or the winter and fall off as new roots will take its place.
Napiform Root
The napiform’s turnip shape makes it stand out and be easily distinguished as compared to other root types. The wide main root collects and stores water. Smaller, secondary roots grow from the bulb shaped main root. Cacti with this type of root system are well-suited to be planted in deeper pots and can thrive with little watering.
Tuberous Root
Tuberous roots grow downward. They share the same appearance with the tubers and can easily have one of the best storage capacities for water. Like the napiform, tuberous roots grow best when planted in deeper pots where the roots have the freedom to grow even despite not reaching great depths underground.
How to Care for Cacti Roots
When caring for plants, people usually overlook their roots. Cacti are no exception to this. The roots serve as a plant’s way to store and collect nutrients from the ground. In this regard, some grow shallow and long in order to collect the most nutrients while some grow large tuber-like roots in order to store larger amounts of moisture.
Cacti roots also grow hair-like strands that only live for a short time. Several species of cacti even shed the more tender roots that they grow in the dry season, and regrow them again during the wet season or rainy periods.
When it comes to caring for and pruning the roots of cacti during replanting or in emergency repotting situations, you must make sure to do the following:
- Disinfect All Tools – Before pruning, make sure to thoroughly disinfect all tools to be used, such as pruning shears, to prevent the spread of diseases or infections.
- Remove Dying or Dead Roots – Carefully remove any dying or dead roots, cutting them until only the healthy strands remain. Ensure clean cuts to avoid any potential damage to the healthy root tissue.
- Apply Antifungal – Add an antifungal to the roots to prevent root infections. Some people even sware by cinnamon for this purpose. Sprinkle cinnamon powder over the cuts on the roots. It is believed that cinnamon acts as a natural antifungal agent, helping to prevent any potential infections.
- Allow Roots to Dry – After pruning, let the roots dry for a period of 3-4 days in a shaded location. This drying period allows any cut surfaces to callus over and reduces the risk of rot or disease.
Once you have placed your cactus back in a pot or in the ground, keep it out of direct sunlight and let it recover. Remember to water your plant only after two to three weeks have passed. Most importantly, do research on your cactus as not all species survive root pruning.
Planting Rooted Cacti
There are several ways to plant or grow your cacti. When receiving a cactus with roots still intact instead of grafting an already existing cactus, observe the roots for any damage. Trim any damaged areas with a pair of disinfected scissors. Keep your newly acquired cactus dry and protected until new roots start growing. This may take a few days or weeks but be patient and make sure not to water your plant too soon.
Sometimes, the cacti you buy that come in boxes might get used to life without full sunlight and a controlled environment. Be careful as exposing them to direct sunlight might burn and wilt your cactus. Gradually help your plant get used to their new environment.
While on the topic of cactus roots, it’s worth mentioning the needed acclimation needs of our spiky friends! Sometimes, the cacti you buy that come in boxes might get used to life without full sunlight and a controlled environment. Be careful as exposing them to direct sunlight might burn and wilt your cactus. Gradually help your plant get used to their new environment.